Cancer Therapy: Clinical Outcomes of Phase II Clinical Trials with Single-Agent Therapies in Advanced/Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose:We analyzed the outcomes of single-agent phase II clinical trials in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to determine trial parameters that predicted clinical activity. Exoerimental Design: Data on response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) from all English language, single-agent phase II trials in advanced/metastatic NSCLC indexed by PubMed (January 2000 through December 2009) were abstracted. Results: A total of 143 single-agent phase II trials (7,701 patients) were identified. The median RR was 10%, PFS 2.8 months, and OS 7.6 months. RR and PFS correlated with OS (r 1⁄4 0.46, P < 0.001, r 1⁄4 0.52, P < 0.001, respectively) and RR correlated with PFS (r 1⁄4 0.61, P < 0.001). Treatment arms enriched for patients with molecular targets had a higher median RR (48.8% vs. 9.7%, P 1⁄4 0.005), longer median PFS (6 vs. 2.8months, P1⁄4 0.005), andOS (11.3 vs. 7.5months, P1⁄4 0.05) as compared with those of unselected patients. In multivariate analysis, only studies enriched for patients with molecular targets or including drugs that eventually gained FDA/EMA approval were associated with a higher RR, and longer PFS/OS. Conclusions: In phase II trials in NSCLC, RR and PFS correlated with OS. Studies enriched for patients with putativemolecular drug targets were associatedwith higher therapeutic benefit as comparedwith those of unselected populations. Clin Cancer Res; 1–8. 2012 AACR.